El papel de los aliados para el desarrollo en respuesta a la pandemia de Covid-19 en Timor Leste / O papel dos parceiros de desenvolvimento na resposta à Pandemia Covid-19 de Timor-Leste / The role of development partners in Timoreste’s Covid-19 Pandemic response

The Covid-19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenges around the world and Timor-Leste is no exception. Despite volatile economic performance, consistent low levels of health spending, and bureaucratic fragility associated with young democratic institutions, Timor-Leste is one of the few nations that has mitigated the virus effectively. We consider the first-hand accounts of healthcare and NGO workers, community leaders, and Ministry of Health officials responding to the Covid-19 pandemic in assessing the effectiveness of ‘South-South’ development partnerships and co-operation. Our analysis of interview data collected during April and May show that TimorLeste’s success in responding to the pandemic is a product of the continuing efforts of genuine partnerships and international aid. We argue that despite criticism of the development effectiveness agenda following the 2011 Busan Forum, on-the-ground accounts in Timor-Leste display the value of unconditional partnerships, mutually defined goals, and development cooperation in combatting the pandemic. This research contributes to the literature on development effectiveness and is the first of its kind characterising the Timorese response to the Covid-19 pandemic.(AU)

La pandemia de Covid-19 presenta desafíos sin precedentes en todo el mundo y Timor-Leste no es una excepción. A pesar del desempeño económico volátil, los bajos niveles constantes de gasto en salud y la fragilidad burocrática asociada con las instituciones democráticas jóvenes, Timor-Leste es una de las pocas naciones que ha mitigado el virus de manera efectiva. Consideramos los relatos de primera mano de trabajadores de la salud y de ONG, líderes comunitarios y funcionarios del Ministerio de Salud que respondieron a la pandemia de Covid-19 al evaluar la efectividad de las asociaciones y la cooperación para el desarrollo 'Sur-Sur'. Nuestro análisis de datos realizado durante abril y mayo, muestra que el éxito de Timor-Leste en respuesta a la pandemia es producto de los esfuerzos de asociaciones verdaderas y de la ayuda internacional. Argumentamos que, a pesar de las críticas a la agenda de eficacia del desarrollo después del Foro de Busan de 2011, los análisis sobre el terreno en Timor-Leste, muestran el valor de las alianzas incondicionales, los objetivos definidos mutuamente y la cooperación en la lucha contra la pandemia. Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura sobre la efectividad del desarrollo y es la primera de su tipo que caracteriza la respuesta timorense a la pandemia de Covid-19.(AU)

A pandemia de Covid-19 apresenta desafios sem precedentes em todo o mundo e Timor-Leste não é exceção. Apesar do desempenho económico volátil, dos baixos níveis consistentes de gastos com saúde e da fragilidade burocrática associada a instituições democráticas jovens, Timor-Leste é uma das poucas nações que mitigaram o vírus de forma eficaz. Consideramos os relatos em primeira mão de trabalhadores de saúde e ONGs, líderes comunitários e funcionários do Ministério da Saúde que responderam à pandemia de Covid-19 ao avaliar a eficácia das parcerias e cooperação de desenvolvimento "Sul-Sul". A nossa análise dos dados das entrevistas recolhidos durante abril e maio mostra que o sucesso de Timor-Leste na resposta à pandemia é produto dos esforços contínuos de parcerias genuínas e ajuda internacional. Argumentamos que, apesar das críticas à agenda de eficácia do desenvolvimento após o Fórum de Busan de 2011, as contas no terreno em Timor-Leste mostram o valor de parcerias incondicionais, objetivos mutuamente definidos e cooperação para o desenvolvimento no combate à pandemia. Esta investigação contribui para a literatura sobre a eficácia do desenvolvimento e é a primeira do género a caracterizar a resposta timorense à pandemia de Covid-19.(AU)

Análisis teórico de un posible futuro en la sociedad ciborg: robotización, estrés y epigenética / Theoretical analysis of a possible future in the cyborg society: robotization, stress and epigenetics / Análise teórica de um possível futuro na sociedade ciborgue: robotização, estresse e epigenética

La robótica ha generado, con el paso del tiempo, una enorme cantidad de imaginarios sociales presente en numerosas expresiones culturales. En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis preliminar de éstos para comprender mejor la nueva realidad social a la que nos podemos ver sometidos. A través de un análisis social teórico buscamos indagar elementos verosímiles que nos podemos encontrar en un futuro relativamente cercano. Concretamente nos centraremos en datos ofrecidos por la epigenética y analizaremos posibles realidades futuras (consecuencias) en base a esta información

Robotics has generated, over time, an enormous number of social imaginaries presents in plentiful cultural expressions. In the present work a preliminary analysis of these one is done to better understand the new social reality to which we can be subjected. Through a theoretical social analysis, we seek to investigate credible elements that we can find in a relatively close future. Specifically, we will focus on data offered by epigenetics and analyze possible future realities (consequences) based on this information

A robótica gerou ao longo do tempo uma enorme quantidade de imaginários sociais presentes em numerosas expressões culturais. No presente trabalho é feita uma análise preliminar destes para melhor entender a nova realidade social a qual podemos estar sujeitos. Através de uma análise social teórica, procuramos investigar elementos credíveis que podemos encontrar num futuro relativamente próximo. Especificamente, vamos nos concentrar nos dados oferecidos pela epigenética e analisar possíveis realidades futuras (consequências) com base nessas informações

Managing Cross-Border Conflicts Through Volunteer Commitment: A Comparative Study Between Religious and Non-profit Organizations in the San Diego-Tijuana Area.

San Diego and Tijuana configure two big cities that have faced each other across the international boundary between United States and Mexico for over 180 years. Within this context, the relationship emerging at the border can be characterized under different categories of individual, social, economic, and political situations connecting each side. Additionally, in recent years, the literature on cross-border conflicts has extensively focused on volunteers as informal agents helping children and other groups of population, but relatively little research has addressed the practical and managerial work and implications of the volunteers themselves. As actors of cross-border communities, volunteers play a relevant role in effective short-term migrants' settlement, but it is also observed that the profile of volunteers in religious organizations differs from those belonging to non-profit institutions. Grounded on the theories of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action suggesting that intentions to cooperate with non-government institutions are influenced directly by attitudinal values and indirectly by their beliefs related to social conflicts, this paper analyzes the nature of volunteer commitment in religious and non-profit organizations (NPOs) providing information about managerial practices for newly arrived migrants. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relevance of volunteer commitment as an instrument for managing cross-border conflicts in the particular context of San Diego and Tijuana Area. Based on research using interview data collected from beneficiaries by volunteers, institutional representatives, and documentary references, this manuscript highlights a psychological and individual-centric perspective of volunteer commitment, but it also explores a collective communicative action expanding the range of relevant voices in decisions about volunteering. Moreover, this study provides new insights into how organizational and relational elements impact sustainable volunteer management and points out the role played by attitudes toward non-government institutions such as religious and NPOs demonstrating the relevance of volunteer commitment, transforming part of the positive attitude toward social problems into a significant intention to cooperation. Understanding the importance of the organization's images in order to attract volunteers, these results show that commitment may become a key determinant of the volunteers' identity linked to strategies devoted to organizational activities.